50 years of artificial intelligence: A neuronal approach

Editorial 50 years of artificial intelligence: A neuronal approach 1. Introduction Recently, the 50th anniversary of the birth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been celebrated worldwide [1–4], and about 65 years ago (1943) its foundational works on Biocybernetics and Bionics were published due to movements led by McCulloch and Pitts [5] and Wiener [6]. Since then, a part of the scientific community has been interested in looking to Biology from Physics, Mathematics, Engineering and Computation with a double proposal. On the one hand, there has been search for inspiration on new concepts and mechanisms of interest in Engineering and Computation giving rise to Bionics in first place, and currently to the ''bio-inspired'' movement. On the other hand, the concepts and techniques proper of Physics, Engineering and Calculus are used to help neuroscientists to understand the functioning of biological systems, giving rise to Biocybernetics first and more recently to Computational Neuroscience, which includes Neurodynamics for the neuronal level, and to the techniques of representation and knowledge usage, proper of AI, for the cognitive level. This ''50 Years of Artificial Intelligence: Campus Multidisciplinary in Perception and Intelligence'' special issue collects a subset of the best papers in the fields of Neurocomputing, presented at the Campus Multidisciplin-resulted in a forum for scientists in commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of Artificial Intelligence, which successfully reported recent research advances of AI and where the participants exchanged knowledge in close relation to the state-of-the-art of Perception and Intelligence. We want to highlight the multidisciplinar character of the CMPI-2006 encounter. Multidisciplinarity is a non-integrative mixture of disciplines in which each discipline retains its methodologies and assumptions without change or development from other disciplines within the multidisciplinary relationship. Precisely, neural computing is a multidisciplinary field that attracts psychologists, physicists , computer scientists, neuroscientists, and AI investigators , among others. The success of the conference is directly related to the excellent results of AI research in Spain and other Spanish speaking countries. In this special issue revised and extended versions of works previously presented at CMPI-2006 and essentially related to the sensorial functions (of the visual and auditory pathway) and the tasks of character recognition and selective visual attention (SVA) are included. 2. Special issue composition This special issue starts with two papers that make a historical sweeping of the 50 years of Artificial Intelligence from two different points of view. In ''Symbols versus connections: Fifty years of Artificial …